References
Arah O. A. (2009). On the relationship between individual and
population health. Medicine, health care, and philosophy, 12(3), 235–
244. Retrieved on January 11, 2022 from
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-008-9173-8.
APHA. (n.d.a). 10 Essential public health services. Retrieved January 4, 2022, from
https://www.apha.org/What-is-Public-Health/10-Essential-Public-Health-Services.
APHA. (n.d.b). What is public health? Retrieved January 4, 2022, from
https://www.apha.org/What-is-Public-Health.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016, June 17). What is epidemiology?
Retrieved on January 8, 2022, from
https://www.cdc.gov/careerpaths/k12teacherroadmap/epidemiology.html.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, October 31, a). Health-Related quality
of life. Retrieved on January 8, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/concept.htm.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, October 31, b). Well-Being concepts.
Retrieved on January 8, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/wellbeing.htm.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, November 5, c). One
health basics. Retrieved on January 12, 2022, from
https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/basics/index.html.
Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services. (n.d.). Public health 101
series [PowerPoint Slides]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Development Strategy and Policy Analysis Unit, Development Policy and Analysis
Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2015, October 15). Concepts of
inequality. United Nations. Retrieved on January 8, 2022, from
https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/wess/wess_dev_issues/dsp_policy_01.pdf.
Encyclopedia Britannica. (n.d.). Poverty. Retrieved on January 8, 2022, from
https://www.britannica.com/topic/poverty.
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Assuring the Health of the Public in the 21st
Century. (2002). The Governmental Public Health Infrastructure. In The Future of the
Public's Health in the 21st Century. report, National Academies Press. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK221231/.
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health. (1988).
The Future of Public Health. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 3, A History
of the Public Health System. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK218224/
International Food Policy Research Institute. (n.d.). Food security. Retrieved on January 8,
2022, from https://www.ifpri.org/topic/food-security.
Kindig, D., & Stoddart, G. (2011, October 10). What is population health? American Journal of Public
Health, 93(3), 380–383. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.93.3.380.
MPH@GW, the George Washington University online Master of Public Health program.
(2020, November 5). Equity vs. equality: What’s the difference? Retrieved on January 9,
2022 from https://onlinepublichealth.gwu.edu/resources/equity-vs-equality/.
National Cancer Institute. (n.d., a). Morbidity. National Health Institute. Retrieved on
January 8, 2022, from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-
National Cancer Institute. (n.d., b). Mortality. National Health Institute. Retrieved on
January 8, 2022, from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2021, April 28).
About chronic diseases. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved January 7, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/index.htm.
National Center for Health Statistics. (2021, October 13). Life expectancy. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved on January 8, 2022, from
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/life-expectancy.htm.
Nisbet, R. A. & Greenfeld, L. (2021, October 22). Social science. Encyclopedia Britannica.
Retrieved on January 8, 2022, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/social-science.
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.) Social
determinants of health. U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services. Retrieved on January 15, 2022, from
https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health
Scarpelli, D. G., & Burrows, W. (2020, March 6). Disease. Encyclopedia Britannica.
Retrieved on January 7, 2022, from https://www.britannica.com/science/disease.
Smalley, K. B. (Ed.), Warren, J. C. (Ed.), & Fernandez, M. I (Ed.). (2021). Health equity: A solution-focused approach. Springer Publishing Company. DOI:10.1891/9780826177247
Tulane University. (2020, May 21). Why community health is important for public health.
Retrieved on January 5, 2022, from https://publichealth.tulane.edu/blog/why-
community-health-is-important-for-public-health/.
United Nations Brundtland Commission. (1987). Report of the world commission on
environment and development: our common future. United Nations. Retrieved on January 9, 2022, from http://www.un-documents.net/our-common-future.pdf
Viseltear A. J. (1982). "C.-E.A. Winslow and the early years of public health at Yale, 1915-
1925". The Yale journal of biology and medicine, 55(2), 137–151. Retrieved on January 8, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2596005/.
World Health Organization. (n.d.) Social determinants of health. Retrieved on January 5,
2022, from https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-
World Health Organization. (October 2006). Constitution of the world health organization
[supplement of Basic Documents]. Retrieved on January 8, 2022, from
https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf.
World Health Organization. (2018 Feb 22). Health inequities and their causes. World Health Organization Newsroom. https://www.who.int/news-room/facts-in-p ictures/detail/health-inequities-and-their-causes
World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. (n.d., a). Health hazards:
Infectious. Retrieved on January 8, 2022, from https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-
topics/health-emergencies/pages/whos-work-in-emergencies/health-hazards-infectious.
World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. (n.d., b). Health hazards: Non-
Infectious. Retrieved on January 8, 2022, from https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-
topics/health-emergencies/pages/whos-work-in-emergencies/health-hazards-non-